机动车限行提高城市公交路段车辆行驶速度的仿真研究

考虑无公交站台、有非港湾式公交站台和有港湾式公交站台这三种类型的城市公交道路,构建基于安全距离跟车行为的双车道元胞自动机模型。根据南京市区道路上各类车辆的实际比例,仿真分析机动车速度与道路空间占有率之间的关系,并以非出租小汽车限行比例为20%和40%为例,研究机动车限行对公交路段车辆行驶速度的影响。结果表明,当道路空间占有率在0.2以下时,小汽车限行对机动车行驶速度的影响较小;当道路空间占有率高于0.2时,小汽车限行后无公交站台道路和港湾式公交站台道路上的机动车速度提升幅度较大,而非港湾式公交站台道路上车速提升幅度远不如前两者显著,因此城市公交路段应尽量采用港湾式公交站台。

Simulation study on traffic restriction improving the vehicle speed on urban roadways with buses

Focusing on three types of urban roadways, i.e., without bus stop, with non-harbor-shaped bus stop, and with harbor-shaped bus stop, this paper built a two-lane cellular automata model based on car-following behavior with safe distance. According to the proportions of various motor vehicles on urban roadways in Nanjing City, simulations were conducted to analyze the relationship between vehicle speed and road space occupancy. Then the influence of traffic restriction on running speed of vehicles on roadways with buses was studied by taking restriction proportions of 20% and 40% for cars (except for taxis) as examples. The results show that the traffic restriction on cars has minor impact on vehicle speed if road space occupancy is less than 0.2. But when it exceeds 0.2, the average speed of motor vehicles on roadways without bus stop or with harbor-shaped bus stop improves significantly after traffic restriction, while the increase of vehicle speed on roadway with non-harbor-shaped bus stop is relatively less, so urban roadways should make the best use of harbor-shaped bus stop.