植物糖基化磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白LORELEI家族研究进展

植物LORELEI （LRE）蛋白家族是植物糖基化磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白（GPI-AP）亚家族的一种，在拟南芥中有4个成员，分别为LRE，LRE-like GPI-AP 1（LLG1），LLG2和LLG3。这些成员在植物体内的表达位置和功能不同。LRE主要在雌配子体的助细胞、卵细胞和中央细胞表达，在助细胞中表达量最高，另外在受精卵与胚乳中也有部分表达。LRE主要参与高等植物的双受精作用，介导花粉管接受并调控胚胎的早期发育。LLG1在植物各组织器官中都有表达，在营养器官（根和叶）中表达水平最高，主要调控植物生长发育（如根与根毛生长）、盐逆境应答，以及免疫应答过程。LLG2和LLG3主要在成熟花粉粒和花粉管中表达，调控花粉管生长与爆裂，释放精子完成双受精作用。该文综述了植物LRE家族成员组成、蛋白质特征，及其在植物生长发育与逆境应答过程中的作用。

Research advances of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein LORELEI in plant

LORELEI(LRE) protein family belongs to a subfamily of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins(GPI-AP) in plants.In Arabidopsis thaliana, four members of LRE family proteins with various expression patterns and functions are found, which are LRE, LRE-like GPI-AP 1(LLG1), LLG2, and LLG3.LRE is mainly expressed in the synergid cell, egg cell, and central cell of the female gametophyte.The highest expression level is detected in the synergid cell.In addition, LRE is also observed in the zygote and endosperm.LRE participates in the process of double fertilization in higher plants by mediating the reception of pollen tube and regulating the early development of embryos.Expression of LLG1 is detected in all of the tissues/organs in plants, and has the highest expression level in vegetative organs, such as roots and leaves.LLG1 plays important role in regulating the plant growth and development(e.g., root and root hair growth), salinity response, and immune response.LLG2 and LLG3 are expressed in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes.They are involved in regulation of pollen tube growth and burst, and sperm release for double fertilization. In this review,we summarize the components and protein characteristics of LRE family,and highlight the advances on their functions in the processes of plant growth, development, and stress response.