溢油污染对海洋生物资源损害的数值评估模式

为定量化评估溢油事故对海洋生态的影响程度,通过物理海洋学、海洋生物学和生态毒理学的交叉融合,建立了溢油污染对海洋生物资源损害的数值评估模式.在污染事故现场监测数据的基础上,通过潮流数值模型和溢油迁移扩散模型获得海上溢油污染的时空分布,利用生物暴露模型和急性毒性模型模拟不同类型海洋生物的活动方式以及暴露于油污染时的急性毒性效应,得到溢油污染对海洋生物资源的损害评估结果.将该数值评估方法应用于大连湾"千岛油1"号船溢油案例的环境影响和生态损害程度评估,溢油污染范围和生物资源损害程度的评估结果与海洋渔业部门实际调查估算结果吻合较好.

Numerical modeling for assessing biological resource damages caused by marine oil spill

This paper presents a numerical model to assess quantitatively the marine ecological damages resulting from oil spill accidents,which plays very important role in the process of claiming maritime arbitrations and compensations.This model includes several internal hydrodynamic and marine biological modules,i.e.a tidal current simulation module,an oil spill transport and fate module,a biological exposure module and an acute toxicity module,and therefore has high potential in assessing the marine ecological damages.Based on the investigating/monitoring data and related information of the accident,the tidal current simulation module and the oil spill transport and fate module provide sufficiently accurate predictions,such as hydrodynamic environment and the spatiotemporal distribution of the spilled oil,to achieve the requirement of the biological exposure module and acute toxicity module.The latter two modules are used to simulate the response of different marine species under such an environment,as well as the acute toxicity effects of the spilled oil acting on them,and evaluate quantitatively the marine biological damages.This model has been applied to assess the environmental impact and biological damages in case of the Qian Dao You 1 oil spill accident in Dalian Bay.Good agreement with the investigating results has been achieved.