SRM在自行车场地短距离项目战术分析中的应用研究

目的：采用功率、蹬频和速度对运动员在三个自行车场地短距离项目比赛中的专项体能变化进行分析，探讨运用运动学指标进行短距离项目战术分析的方法。方法：在两名男子运动员的场地自行车上安装无线SRM功率测试仪，对其在2011年全国场地自行车冠军赛第一、二站的争先赛、竞速赛和凯林赛全程的功率、频率和速度进行采集，采样频率设为0.5 sec。赛后采用SRMWin软件下载测试数据并选取有效数据进行分析，评价指标包括功率、频率和速度的最大值、平均值、即刻值，并计算总功率。结果：（1）在冠军赛第一站竞速赛中，三道队员在第二圈跟骑的即刻功率较低，而在第三圈一开始，即刻功率从300 W 提升到700 W以上，且全程维持较好；但在第二站竞速赛中，该运动员跟骑两圈平均功率较高，并在第三圈出现即刻频率的持续降低；（2）在第二站冠军赛争先资格赛中，运动员200 m 计时区内平均功率和频率明显高于第一站，且第二站比赛中的全力加速起始位置稍有延后；（3）凯林赛中运动员在摩托车牵引四圈与最后两圈中所作的总功率相差不大；随着摩托牵引速度加快，靠后的跟骑位置的跟骑圈平均功率明显较高。牵引托车牵引四圈与最后两圈中所作的总功率相差不大；随着摩托牵引速度的增加，位置靠后的跟骑圈平均功率也相应增加。结论：竞速赛中，运动员原地起动和跟骑环节的骑行质量决定了能否有效节省体能，从而影响单圈和总成绩；争先赛资格赛中，运动员应选择合适的加速位置，以保证最大能力骑行出现在200 m 有效计时区内；凯林赛中，运动员在摩托牵引预骑阶段要尽量节省体能，从而在决胜圈中发挥出最大的运动能力。

Applied Research of SRM Training System in the Tactic Analysis of Track-sprinted Cycling

Objective：The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the kinematic features of three events of track-sprinted cycling,which can help to analyze the tac-tic performances of cyclists in competitions. Methods：Three events of track-sprinted cycling （ including Sprint, Keirin and Team sprint） of two male cyclist during the 1 st and 2 nd China Cup were monitored using a mobile power measurement device （ SRM Training system, Julich, Ger-many）,which recorded direct power output,cadence and speed. The sampling rate of Powermeter was set at 0？5sec. Data were processed according to the standard procedure with the software of SRMWin, and the instant power,cadence and speed（ IP,IC and IV） were checked to find the maximal data（ MP,MC and MV） and to calcu-late the mean one（ AP,AC and AV） and the total power （TP）. Results：At first,the IP of the third rider in Team sprint of the 1 st China Cup could keep lower in the second drafting lap,which ensured his IP increased from 300W to 700W and kept his IC at high level in the final lap. How-ever,the last-lap＇s IC of the rider in the 2ndChina Cup de-creased continuously because of the high AP in the draft-ing laps. In the second, the accelerating position in the 200 m qualification of Sprint in the 2 nd China Cup was put off compared with the 1st China Cup,which may lead to the more AP and AC in the 200m distance. Thirdly,there was no difference in the TP between the four-lap＇s drafting riding behind motorcycle and the two-lap＇s decisive rid- ing. Moreover, the drafting position which was farer from the motorcycle would cause the more energy consumption, especially when the speed of motorcycle was higher. Con-clusions：The research we have done suggests that the technique of starting and drafting of the 3 rd rider in Team sprint will affect the time results due to the riding efficien-cy. In the 200m qualification of Sprint, riders need to choose the proper accelerating position before the start line to keep maximal riding speed in 200 m time trial dis-tance. Riders can exert the maximal riding capacity in the decisive laps through the efficient drafting riding behind motorcycle in Keirin.