钒冶炼厂周边陆生植物对重金属的富集特征

对某钒冶炼厂周边土壤和植被进行现场采样,共采集到高等植物20科29种,土壤样品7个,采用ICP- MS和ICP-OES分析本土植物和土壤中重金属含量.结果表明,冶炼厂周边土壤普遍存在V、Cr和Cd污染现象,重金属V和Cr的污染问题突出.29种植物体内均检测到V、Cr、Cd和Pb,其中V含量相对较高.本土植物蜈蚣草体内重金属V含量最高,其地上部分V积累量为86.51 mg·kg-1,地下部分为814.25 mg·kg-1；野胡萝卜对Cd的富集和转运能力显著高于其他植物,地上部分和地下部分Cd含量分别为18.56 mg·kg-1和5.66 mg·kg-1.两种植物表现出对钒冶炼导致周边复合重金属污染极高的耐性,可作为钒冶炼厂周边土壤重金属污染植物修复的先锋物种.

Phytoaccumulation of heavy metals by terrestrial plants around vanadium smelters

Twenty-nine species samples of higher plants which belong to twenty families and seven soil samples were collected from a vanadium smelter. The contents of heavy metals in the native plants and soil were analyzed by ICP-MS and ICP-OES. The re-sults show that the soil of the smelting plant area has general Cr, Cd and V pollution phenomena;moreover, V and Cr pollution is con-spicuous. V, Cr, Cd and Pb are detected from all these collected polluted higher plants, and the content of V is the highest. Pteris vittata L, the native plant, has the highest V content;the accumulation amounts of the aboveground part and the underground part are 86. 51 mg·kg-1 and 814. 25 mg·kg-1 , respectively. The enrichment and transport capacity of Daucus carota L is obviously higher than that of other plants;the accumulation amounts of the aboveground part and the underground part are 18. 56 mg·kg-1 and 5. 66 mg· kg-1 , respectively. These two kinds of plants show high tolerance to heavy metal pollution in the vanadium smelting plant area, and they can be used as pioneer species of pollution remediation.