自闭症儿童工作记忆研究综述

工作记忆是一个涉及材料在线保持的系统．对自闭症的认知基础进行解释的执行模型激发了大量的自闭症儿童工作记忆的研究．多数研究支持了自闭症儿童工作记忆的言语广度正常的结论．自闭症儿童视觉空间工作记忆的研究没有得到一致的结论，但越来越多的证据显示了自闭症儿童的视觉空间工作记忆的异常．自闭症儿童工作记忆的中央执行成份仅显示了局部的受损．虽然自闭症儿童操作任务的结果揭示了损伤的存在，但没有得到其他研究的证实．当使用反眼动任务和不相容任务时，及go／no—go范式中存在与反应抑制关联的刺激转换时，白闭症儿童的工作记忆受损．今后的研究应以整体的、发展的视角，不断改进工作记忆的研究方法，在选取适当匹配组儿童的前提下，对白闭症儿童进行分类研究．

A Summary of the Researches for the Working Memory in Autistic Children

Working memory is a system which is involved in the online maintenance of material. In the last few years, there have been considerable studies about working memory in autistic children. All these studies are based on the explanation of ＂executive model＂ for cognition in autistic children. Most researches support the conclusion that the verbal span of working memory is intact in autistic children. There is growing evidence of abnormality in visuospatial working memory of autistic children, although the conclusion fails to reach agreement. The executive component of working memory is locally damaged in autistic children. Even if the results of autistic children to manipulate task reveals their damage, there is no confirmation by others studies. When there is stimulus transition which is associated with response inhibition, such as using anti- saccade task, incompatible task, and go/no- go task, the working mem- ory of autistic children is damaged. Under the premise of a global developmental perspective, with con- tinuous improved research methods and selecting the appropriate matching group of children, the classi- fied study of autistic children should be carried out in the future.