大气氮沉降对森林土壤微生物影响的研究进展

大气氮沉降是影响森林生态系统的新生态因子之一，过量氮沉降将改变参与森林生态系统物质转化和养分循环的土壤微生物.作者综述了国内外模拟氮沉降对森林土壤微生物生物量、群落结构和多样性、微生物活性和酶活性、底物利用能力以及功能基因的影响研究现状.结果表明：(1)整体来看，氮沉降对森林土壤微生物生物量产生负面影响的报道较多；(2)氮沉降改变了森林土壤微生物群落的构成和丰富性；(3)氮沉降短期内促进森林土壤呼吸速率，长期氮输入会抑制土壤呼吸速率；(4)氮沉降改变了参与凋落物分解相关土壤酶的活性；(5)氮沉降降低了土壤微生物代谢复杂有机质的代谢能力；(6)氮沉降增加和降低了某些微生物功能基因的丰度.此外，作者还探讨了氮沉降对森林土壤微生物研究存在的问题和未来研究的重点.

Advances in the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil microorganism of forest ecosystem

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the new ecological factors that affect forest ecosystem. Excessive nitrogen deposition will change soil microorganism involved in material transformation and nutrient cycling of forest ecosystem. This paper reviews the current situation of the effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the biomass, community structure and diversity, microbial activity and enzyme activity, substrate utilization capacity and functional genes in forest soil. The results showed that: ① Overall, there are many reports about the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on the biomass of forest soil microorganisms; ② The nitrogen deposition changed the structure and diversity of forest soil microbial community; ③ The nitrogen deposition promotes the forest soil respiration rate in a short time, and the long-term nitrogen input will inhibit the soil respiration rate; ④ Nitrogen deposition changed the activity of soil enzymes involved in litter decomposition; ⑤ Nitrogen deposition reduced the metabolism ability of soil microbial metabolism complex organic matter; ⑥ Nitrogen deposition increased and decreased the abundance of some microbial functional genes. In addition, the problems of nitrogen deposition on the study of forest soil microorganisms and the key points of future research are also discussed.