贵州省不同类型自然保护地空间分异及其影响因素

受自然与社会因素的影响，不同类型自然保护地的空间分异存在较大的差异.研究针对贵州省内的自然保护区、森林公园、湿地公园和风景名胜区等4类自然保护地，综合运用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数、核密度和地理探测器模型对其空间分异特征进行分析，并探讨其影响因素.结果表明：自然保护区与其余3种自然保护地在数量的空间分异特征上具有明显差异，但4种自然保护地在面积的空间分异特征上均表现出离散化分布的特征，具有较高的相似性.相同影响因素的解释力在不同类型的自然保护地上差异较大，在数量上主要影响因素呈现出趋异性，而面积上主要影响因素则呈现出趋同性.任意2个影响因素交互后其解释力均增强，交互的特征呈多维度复合影响的态势.不同类型自然保护地功能定位的差别是其主要影响因素呈现出趋异性和趋同性的主要原因.

The influence factors of different types of protected areas spatial differentiation in Guizhou Province

The spatial distribution of protected areas (PAs) varies greatly with the category, driven by multiple factors including natural and social factors. This paper focused on four categories of PAs including nature reserves, forest parks, wetland parks and scenic spots distributed in Guizhou Province. We studied the spatial differentiation characteristics and the driving factors of these four categories of PAs, based on the spatial analysis in ArcGIS and geographic detector model. The results showed that there was significant variation on the spatial distribution of quantity among the nature reserves and other three categories of PAs, while the spatial distribution of covering areas of four categories of PAs tended to similarly discrete distribution. The explanatory power of the driving factors varied considerably among four categories of PAs. The main driving factors were different for the quantity of PAs, but similar for the area of PAs. The explanatory power of any two interactive factors increased greatly, and the dimension of interaction showed the increasing trend of compound influence of multiple factors. The difference of functional orientation of different category of PAs was considered to be the main driving factor of the difference of their spatial pattern.