改进的软硬阈值法及其在地震数据降噪中的研究

采集的野外地震数据伴随有随机噪声干扰，需要将其消除。软硬阈值法能够压制地震数据的噪声信号，但是降噪效果并不理想。因此，提出了一种改进的软硬阈值算法用于地震数据降噪。首先利用软硬阈值法原理构建了一种新的阈值降噪法，并对新算法相关特性进行了研究，通过仿真实验确定了新阈值算法的小波基为sym 3,利用均方差和信噪比对新阈值降噪法的降噪效果进行了评价。最后，将新阈值降噪法用于实际地震数据降噪，结果发现新阈值降噪法能够去除地震数据中的随机噪声，降噪效果较软硬阈值法更理想。

A new improved soft and hard threshold method and its application in seismic data denoising

The collected field seismic data are accompanied by random noise interference, which needs to be eliminated by wavelet threshold denoising method. However, the soft and hard thresholding methods have some shortcomings in noise reduction. In this paper, a new threshold denoising algorithm is proposed to perform seismic data denoising. Firstly, a new threshold denoising method is designed based on the principle of soft and hard threshold method, and the relevant characteristics of the new algorithm are studied. Then, the wavelet base of the new threshold algorithm is defined as sym 3, and the denoising effect of the new method is evaluated by root mean square error (RMSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through simulation experiments. Finally, the new threshold denoising method is applied to actual seismic data denoising. The results show that the improved threshold denoising method can remove random interference in seismic data, and the denoising effect is better than that of the old soft and hard threshold method.