柴油机故障诊断技术的现状及展望

柴油机作为一种复杂动力机械，其运行状态监测和故障诊断技术越来越受到人们的关注。在柴油机故障诊断领域，信号处理、故障特征提取及识别方法已初具雏形，但离实用化还有一定距离。笔者分析了柴油机常见故障及影响因素，综述了现代柴油机故障诊断技术中常用的各种基于振动信号的时频分析法、瞬时转速波动法、铁谱及光谱分析法、灰色系统理论诊断法、神经网络诊断法及专家系统诊断法的原理、特点及不足，最后指出了柴油机故障诊断的难点和发展方向。

State and Prospects of Diesel Engine Fault Diagnosis Technique

As a kind of complex power machinery, diesel engine is being paid more and more attention to its condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology. In the fault diagnosis field of diesel engine, the technique of signal process, character abstraction and identification method have formed a system, but there is a certain distance away from practical. This paper analyzes the common faults and influencing factor of diesel engine. The principle, characteristic and disadvantage of modern fault diagnosis technology, such as various time-frequency methods based on vibration signal, speed fluctuation method, iron content and spectrometry, grey system theoretical diagnosis method, artificial neural network and expert system fault diagnosis method, were reviewed. The difficulties and the development direction of diesel engine fault diagnosis were put forward in the end.