纳米材料制备方法的研究现状与发展趋势

简单介绍了纳米材料及其特性,并结合国内外参考文献综述了纳米材料的制备方法、特点和进展,其中包括气相反应法、沉淀法、乳液法、溶胶－凝胶法、溶剂热法、固相反应法、SPD法、超声场中湿法、超临界法、自组装法.目前已经可以制备出平均粒径为几个纳米的粉体,而且粒径均匀,国外进行的大多数制备试验都已经在一定程度上控制晶体生长,通过选择合适的试验方法和试验条件,可以选择性地制备某一粒径范围的纳米晶体,同样可以在一定程度上选择制备不同形态的金属氧化物纳米晶体.在此基础上,分析了现代纳米材料制备方法的发展趋势.

Current Status and Trend of Preparation of Nanometer Material

The characteristics of nanometer material are presented in brief.Referring many domesticand overseas passages or sources , different processes, characteristics and progress of preparation are summarized. These processes include gas reacting process, precipitation process, micro-emulsion mediated process, sol-gel process, thermal process of solvent, solid reacting process, SPD process, liquid process in ultrasonicfield, supercritical fluid drying process ,self-assembled process. At present, uniform nanocrystals with an average particle size of about 5 nm can be obtained. Growth of crystals can be controlled to a certain extent in some oversea laboratory. Hence special size, special shape and special structurecan be obtained by selecting different method and preparation condition. In addition, developmental trend of preparation for nanometer is presented.