生物质谱的研究及其应用

发展生物质谱是为解决生命科学中有关生物物质分析问题,主要借助软电离质谱技术对生物大分子如蛋白质、核酸和多糖等进行结构分析.生物质谱已成为质谱学中最活跃的研究领域,推动了质谱分析理论和技术的发展.笔者简要介绍了生物质谱的发展,重点讨论因"发明了对生物大分子的质谱分析法"而荣获2002年诺贝尔化学奖金一半的美国科学家约翰.芬恩教授(John B.Fenn)和日本科学家田中耕一工程师(Koichi Tanaka)分别研发的电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)和基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI-MS),特别阐述它们应用于蛋白质、核酸和糖结构分析及基因组学、蛋白质组学、糖组学等生物组学和化学组学中.

Biological Mass Spectrometry for Macromolecules:Approaches and Applications

Biological Mass Spectrometry (BioMS) has been developed to solve the analytical problems of biological substances in life sciences, especially for structural analysis of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, amyloses. The development of BioMS depends primarily on soft ionization techniques including electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS), Fast Atom Bombardment mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS), Ion Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ISI-MS), Atmospheric Pressure Ionization mass spectrometry (API-MS). Among them ESI-MS and MALDI-MS was proposed to analyze biological macromolecules by Prof. Dr. John B. Fenn and Mr. Koichi Tanaka pioneered the successful application of their techniques to biological macromolecules and shared one half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2002. BioMS has become the activest field and promoted the analytical theory and testing technology. Some approaches and applications of BioMS were briefly introduced and properly discussed in the structural analysis of proteins , nucleic acids , amyloses and biomacromolecules and some other complexmolecules, which are useful for geneomics, proteomics, glycomics and other bioomics and chemomics.