尿素深施条件下模拟稻田中氮磷的动态特征及其降污潜力分析

采用室外微区模拟试验,于水稻返青生长期,采用尿素造型深施方式,在3、7和11cm等3个不同施肥深度处理(分别表示为t-3、t-7、t-11)条件下,对田面水和土壤中氮、磷、以及悬浮物(SS)等主要污染物的动态特征及其降污潜力进行了研究。结果表明,尿素深施后5～7d内,田面水中氮素呈总体下降趋势,于第7d后达较低的浓度水平;硝氮(NO3--N)各处理间浓度差异较小,但整体上要高于铵氮(NH4+-N),就污染源而言,田面水NO3--N负荷不容忽视。田面水氮素浓度与尿素深施处理没有相关性。与对照处理撒施(表示为t-c)相比,深施处理的田面水中氮素浓度可分别降低NO3--N 29%～47%、NH4+-N 64%～89%、总氮(TN)79%～97%。t-3和t-7的田面水总磷(TP)和可溶性磷(DP)浓度都处于较高水平,与t-7和t-3相比较,t-11可分别降低TP浓度32%～73%、DP浓度92%～99%以及SS浓度50%～80%。因此,尿素造型深施至11cm左右,具有显著的减排降污潜力,是控制农田面源污染的有效措施之一。

Dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field under deep application condition of urea pill and its pollution-reducing potential

Dynamics of the pollutants such as nitrogen,phosphorus and the suspended particulates in the field water and soil and its pollution-reducing potential are investigated in the rice plant returning-green stage using deep application technique of urea pill with the application depth of 3,7 and 11 cm(expressed as t-3,t-7 and t-11,respectively) based on the micro-zone simulation field experiments.Results show that nitrogen content in the field water gradually decreases within 5~7 d after deep allocation of urea,...