中国水仙种质资源的遗传多样性分析

用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）标记方法对中国水仙主要栽培品种及不同的生态类型进行了遗传多样性检测。从98个随机引物中筛选出16个有效引物，共扩增出120条DNA带，其中多态位点39个，占32．5％。相对其他作物，中国水仙遗传多样性水平偏低。中国水仙遗传多样性贫乏可能是现有中国水仙品种稀少的重要原因。用UPGMA法对各样品间的Nei氏相似性系数进行聚类分析。结果显示，崇明水仙与漳州水仙亲缘关系十分密切，平潭水仙与漳州水仙亲缘关系相对较远。平潭水仙和崇明水仙各居群内的遗传分化很小，而漳州水仙居群内遗传多样性较为丰富。以栽培品种看，单瓣水仙与重瓣水仙亲缘关系密切，“金三角”与单瓣水仙、重瓣水仙两者的亲缘关系较远。基于研究结果，提出采用新技术引进新种质选育水仙新品种的思路和保护中国水仙资源的重要性。

Analysis of Germplasm Resources of Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis by RAPD

The genetic variations of three cultivars and three ecotypes of Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis were confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers and 16 primers were screened from ninety-eight 10 bp arbitrary primers, and a total of 117 DAN bands were amplified, among which 31.6%were polymorphic. The result proved that the genetic diversity level in Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis was relatively low. The genetic data were analyzed by means of similarity, and a phenogram was constructed by using UPGMA method. These results showed that the diversity tends to be related to the geographical localities where the samples were collected. The genetic polymorphism in Zhangzhou was richer than those in Chongming and Pingtan. A close relationship existed between two cultivars of Narcissus tazetta L., i.e., the single flowered form and the double flowered form. The cultivar of Jinsanjiao appeared more closely related with the single flowered form than the double flowered form. New methods for the development of Narcissus tazetta were suggested.