九孢鲍暴发性流行病的病原及病理

1999年2－5月，山东县养殖九孔鲍暴发了大规模流行病，不少养殖场全场覆没，病鲍表现为分泌粘液增多、肝脏红肿、中部僵硬和反应迟钝，应用磷钨酸负染、超薄切片的电镜和现场检测等方法，对病鲍的病原及肝肠组织的病理情况进行观测，结果表明引发这次养殖暴发严重病害的主要病原是致病力很强的病毒和弧菌，电观察到病毒发生在细胞质中的一种称为“封入体”的泡状结构，证实了病原的入侵造成九孢鲍肝及肠等组织、细胞产生病变，描述了细胞和病毒混合感染导致九孔鲍细胞的病理变化。

Pathogeny and Histopathology of the Epidemic Disease in Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

An epidemic of cultured Haliotis diversicolor supertexta was broken out in Dongshan, Fujian province during spring in 1999. Symptoms of the diseased abalones appeared mucus increasing, liver enlarging and activities descending. TEM observation showed that the main pathogens of the ill abalones were bacteria and virus. There were three forms of viruses with the spheric type, 135~150 nm, 95~110 nm and 40~45 nm. Bacteria were of vibrio morphology. Cells in liver and intestines of the ill abalones turned up pathologic changes. The nucleus was deformed and its membrane was damaged, accompanied with those mitochondria expanding. Although there were several particular protein structures containing viruses, the cell structures around them were approximately normal. Conversely, a large number of cells were so necrosis that their cell membranes were left because of bacterial invading. Besides these, endoplasmic reticulums of liver cells were of proliferation. Based on the results, it is the bacteria and viruses that resulted in this epidemic of H. diversicolor supertexta , and adverse environment and abusing drugs as well. Measures such as keeping good cultural environment, segregating pathogens and feeding slightly diseased abalones on some suitable drugs were effective to prevent and cure epidemics of the cultured abalones.