有限时间热力学理论的特征及发展中几个重要标志

有限时间热力学是经典热力学的延伸和推广，是现代热力学理论的一个新分支。主要研究非平衡系统的有限时间中能流和熵流的规律。它既不同于20世纪30年代建立起来的不可逆热力学，又不同于工程热力学，有它自己鲜明的理论特征。现已广泛地应用于物理、化学和工程热物理等许多学科领域，建立了一系列相应的新理论。在有限时间热力学的发展过程中，内可逆卡诺循环模型、最大功率输出时的效率、基本优化关系、内可逆循环统一理论、不可逆循环理论等方面的研究起到了极其重要的作用。文中还结合相关的问题简述我们组在有限时间热力学研究中所做的部分工作和特色。

The Characteristics of Finite-time Thermodynamic Theory and Some Important Marks in Development

Finite-time thermodynamics is the extension of classical thermodynamics and a new branch of the modern thermodynamics. It is mainly used to investigate the regular of energy and entropy flows of non-equilibrium systems in finite time. It is different from not only irreversible thermodynamics established in the 1930's but also engineering thermodynamics, and has in itself some distinct theoretical characteristics. Now, it has extensively been applied to many new objec tives in physics, chemistry, and engineering thermal physics and a series of new relevant theories have been obtained. Moreover, it is pointed out that the endoreversible Carnot cycle models, CA efficiency at maximum power output, fundamental optimum relations, unified theory of endore versible cycles, and theory of irreversible cycles are some important problems of finite-time ther modynamics and play a great role during the development of finite-time thermodynamics. In this paper one part of our research work related to the important problems mentioned above is intro duced simply.