长春市冬春季环境空气中PM2.5污染特征与来源解析

为研究长春市冬季和春季大气PM_2.5的主要来源及污染特征, 于2018-01-06—2018-05-14连续采集PM_2.5环境受体样品, 分析其无机元素及水溶性阴离子组分. 结果表明： 采样期间长春市PM_2.5的质量浓度为（46.4±24.4）μg/m³, 冬季和春季的平均质量浓度分别为(51.0±25.8)μg/m³和(32.6±11.5)μg/m³, 超标率为11%, 均在冬季超标, 在春节假期中（2018-02-15—2018-02-21）, PM_2.5的质量浓度低且保持平稳； 所测全部水溶性阴离子及部分无机元素（Al，As，Pb，Se，Ti）质量浓度呈冬季高于春季的趋势; 长春市无机元素主要源于燃煤、 交通和扬尘; 长春市PM_2.5中NO^-₃和SO^2-₄是燃煤和机动车尾气共同作用的结果, 其中燃煤源的贡献率相对较高; 长春市冬春季PM_2.5主要来源为二次源（28.2%）、土壤尘源（12.6%）、交通排放源（10.7%）、燃煤源和建筑尘源（28.6%）、工业源和其他源（19.8%）.

Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Winter and Spring in Changchun City

In order to study the atmospheric PM_2.5 pollution characteristics and sources in winter and spring in Changchun City, environmental samples were successively collected from 2018-01-06—2018-05-14, we analyzed inorganic elements and water-soluble anions in PM_2.5. The results show that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 in Changchun City during the sampling period is (46.4±24.4) μg/m³, and the average mass concentration in winter and spring is (51.0±25.8) μg/m³ and (32.6±11.5) μg/m³, respectively. The rate of exceeding the standard is 11%, all of them occur in winter. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 is low and remains stable during the Spring Festival（2018-02-15—2018-02-21）. The mass concentration of all water-soluble anions and some inorganic elements (Al,As,Pb,Se and Ti) are higher in winter than that of in spring. The inorganic elements mainly come from coal combustion, traffic pollution and fugitive dust. The NO^-₃ and SO^2-₄ in PM_2.5 are the result of the combined action of vehicle exhaust and coal combustion,  and the latter plays a more important role. The main sources of PM_2.5 in winter and spring are secondary aerosol (28.2%),  soil dust (12.6%),  traffic emissions (10.7%), coal combustion and industrial dust (28.6%),  industrial dust and others (19.8%).