分子标记辅助选择在植物育种中的应用与前瞻

植物育种项目包括两方面的重要工作，首先是确定育种材料中是否存在有用的遗传变异，其次是采用有效的方法把目标基因转移到品种中。分子育种包括分子标记辅助选择(MAS)和利用基因工程手段育种。选择是指在一个群体中选择符合需要的基因型，它是育种中最重要的环节之一。在传统育种中，选择的依据通常是表现型，从表现型推断基因型。表型选择对寡基因控制的质量性状较为有效，而时多基因控制的数量性状则效率不高。随着现代分子生物学的迅速发展，分子标记辅助选择技术为实现对基因型的直接选择提供了可能。阐述了分子标记辅助选择(MAS)的应用研究，讨论了MAS存在的问题以及发展前景和展望。

The Application and Potential Prospects of Molecular Marker-assisted Selection in Plant Breeding

The project of plant breeding includes important work in two respects. First, it is to identify if there is the useful genetic variation in the breeding material. Second, target gene is transferred to variety in effective method. Molecular breeding includes MAS and the breeding by gene engineering. The term of selection generally refers to selecting the required genotypes in a population, which is one of the most important procedures in the breeding program. In conventional breeding, the genotypes usually deduced dependent on the phenotype selection, definitely it is more effective for quality characters controlled by oligogenes but not for quantitative characters controlled by polygenes. With the rapidly development of the modern molecular biology, it has more possibilities that the genotypes could be identified directly by molecular marker-assisted selection approaches. In this paper, the studies of applications of molecular marker-assisted selection have been summarized, and the problems and potential prospects of molecular marker-assisted selection have been also discussed.