黄河中下游丘陵-平原过渡区乡镇土地利用相对可持续性评价

黄河中下游丘陵—平原过渡区是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,土地利用条件独特.以该区的孟州市为研究样区,从微观尺度出发,以乡镇为基本评价单元,基于多源数据,考虑空间异质性因素,结合"生态-经济-社会"和"生产性-安全性-保护性-经济性-社会性"指标方案,针对孟州市土地利用特点,构建了乡镇土地利用可持续评价的指标体系,并在此基础上,统一以某指标全市平均水平作为该指标评价的"阈值",给出了各乡镇土地利用相对可持续性的空间和时间尺度上的评价,指出了各乡镇土地利用过程中存在的相对障碍因素.获得如下主要结论:孟州市资源环境条件的空间分布表现为东北部较好,西部和南部的丘陵区、黄河滩区较差;生产性空间分布表现为东部平原区生产性强,西部丘陵区生产性弱;稳定性空间分布表现为东部平原区较稳定,西部丘陵区稳定性相对较差,南部黄河滩区最不稳定;保护性空间分布表现为南部较强,北部,尤其是东部平原人口稠密区较弱;各乡镇土地利用相对可持续性的基本空间格局表现为东部、南部相对可持续性强,西北部相对可持续性弱;最高值和最低值之间的相对可持续评价值1986年相差0.624,到2004年加大为0.889,两极分化明显.

Relative Sustainability Evaluation of Villages and Towns on Hills-Plain Transition Region of Middle and Lower Yellow River

Land use is a typical complex system of natural-society-economy,so the angle of multidisciplinary is necessary to land use sustainability evaluation,and scientific validity of chosen index and evaluation method and gainable validity of real data should be considered synthetically.Hills-plain transition region of middle and lower of Yellow River is the important commodity grain production base in China and has the unique land use conditions.In this paper we constructed land use relative sustainability evaluation of villages and towns from micro angle through considering spatial heterogeneity of villages and towns,and combining index scheme of natural-economy-safety with that of production-safety-protection-economy-society.Then land use relative sustainability evaluation of villages and towns was gained and relative land use obstacle factors were given regarding average level of the whole county as "valve value".The results show:(1) The land use high relative sustainability area in Mengzhou city is mainly located in the plain area,the low one in the northwestern hills.(2) Spatial distribution of resources and environment showed that northeast area was better and west and south hills areas was worse;spatial distribution of production showed that east plain area was strong and west hills areas was weak;spatial distribution of stability shown that east plain area was good,and west hills areas was bad and south yellow river beach was the worst;spatial distribution of protective shown that south area was strong,north area was weak and east plain area of high population density was weaker.(3) The economic structure and benefits in the western hills area were generally relatively bad,social structure and benefit were relatively better.And the fact was just opposite in the eastern plain area.(4) From 1986 to 2004 spatial distribution of land use relative sustainability was unchangeable generally,showing that east and south area was good and west and north area was bad.The gap between the highest and the lowest was 0.624 in 1986 and increased to 0.889 in 2004,showing a obvious polarization.