节节麦和黑麦杂种胚再生植株的分子细胞遗传学分析

利用杂种幼胚愈伤组织诱导和再生技术产生了节节麦和黑麦杂种幼胚无性系.胚拯救直接成苗植株、继代培养60d的再生植株和继代培养420d的再生杂种植株PMCs减数分裂MI染色体构型分别为10.82I+1.57II+0.01III,9.96I+1.59II+0.25III+0.03IV,7.59Ⅰ+3.10Ⅱ+0.05Ⅲ+0.01IV.继代培养420d左右胚再生无性系其减数分裂MI染色体配对频率大幅度提高,利用原位杂交技术分析表明其染色体配对频率提高和染色体结构和数量变异无关.提示体细胞无性系变异可能是增加部分同源染色体配对,增加属间种基因交流的一个新途径.

Molecular Cytogenetics of the Embryo Regenerated Plants from Hybrids between Aegilops tauschii and Secale cereale

The somaclones of the hybrid between Aegilops tauschii(2n = 2x=14,DD) and Secale cereale(2n=2x=14,RR) were produced by embryo callus induction and regeneration methods.The average chromosome configuration of pollen mother cells(PMCs) of the embryo-rescued hybrids,the embryo-callus-regenerated hybrid plants from subculture for 60 days,and embryo callus-regenerated hybrid plants from subculture for 420 days were 10.82 I+1.57 II+0.01 III,9.96 I+1.59 II+0.25 III+0.03 IV,and 7.59 I+3.10 II+0.05 III+0.01 IV,respectively.The results from GISH of PMCs of these hybrids showed that the increasement of bivalents in embryo callus-regenerated hybrid plants from subculture for 420 days did not result from the change of their chromosomes.The somaclone variations possibly was a method of inducement pairing of homoeologous chromosome and increasement of genetic transfer between species in the intergeneric hybrids.