深圳市常见园林植物滞尘效应研究

以深圳市6种常见的园林植物为对象, 研究其单位面积滞尘量及其粒径组成特征, 探究植物叶片表面的微观形貌结构以及滞留颗粒物的组分和分布特征, 分析气象因子对植物滞尘的影响。结果表明: 1) 6种园林植物的单位叶面积滞尘量排序为黄金榕(0.74±0.21 g/m²)>鹅掌藤(0.42±0.26 g/m²)>对叶榕(0.24±0.26 g/m²)>龙船花(0.20±0.07 g/m²)>沿阶草(0.18±0.10 g/m²)>鸡蛋花(0.15±0.10 g/m²); 2) 6种园林植物滞尘以粒径α>10 μm的颗粒物为主, 质量占比为59.21%~88.92% (黄金榕除外), 鹅掌藤对α>10 μm 颗粒物的滞尘能力最强(0.34±0.20 g/m²), 黄金榕对3 μm<α<10 μm (0.51±0.15 g/m2)和 0.15 μm<α<3 μm (0.14±0.07 g/m2)颗粒物的滞留能力最强; 3) 6种园林植物叶表面的气孔、褶皱、沟槽、絮状凸起和绒毛等微观形貌有利于叶片对颗粒物的截留, 叶片滞留颗粒物的元素组成主要为O, Si和Al; 4) 6种园林植物叶表滞留的大颗粒物(α>10 μm)易受风速和温度的影响。研究结果对深圳市园林植物配置具有指导意义, 并可为通过植物滞尘效应改善空气质量提供一定的理论依据。

Study on the Dust Retention Effect of Common Garden Plants in Shenzhen

Taking six most common garden plants in Shenzhen were used as research objects, the amount of dust retention per unit leaf area and the particle size composition of dust were studied. The microscopic morphology and the structure of leaf surface as well as the composition and distribution characteristics of the retained particles were investigated. The influence of meteorological factors on the dust retention characteristics of plants was clarified. The results showed that: 1) The dust retention amount per unit leaf area of different plant types was Ficusmicrocarpa (0.74±0.21 g/m²) > Schefflera arboricola (0.42±0.26 g/m²) > Ficus hispida (0.24±0.26 g/m²) > Ixorachinensis (0.20±0.07 g/m²) > Ophiopogon bodinieri (0.18±0.10 g/m²) > Plumeria rubra (0.15±0.10 g/m²). 2) The six types of garden plants were mainly composed of particles with particle size α>10 μm. The weight of particles with size α>10 μm accounts for 59.21%~88.92% (except for F. microcarpa) of the total weight. S. arboricola had the strongest dust-retaining ability for particles with size α>10 μm (0.34±0.20 g/m²). F. microcarpa had the strongest dust-retaining ability for particles with size 3 μm<α<10 μm (0.51±0.15 g/m²) and 0.15 μm<α<3 μm (0.14±0.07 g/m²). 3) Stoma, fold, groove, flocculent protuberance and villi on the surface were conducive to the retention of dust. The main elements of the retained particles were O, Si and Al. 4) The large particles (α>10 μm) detained by the leaves of the six garden plants were susceptible to wind speed and temperature. The results of this study can be used to guide the arrangement of garden plants in Shenzhen and provide a scientific evidence for the plant dust retention effect to improve air quality.