中国土地资源生态敏感性评价与空间格局分析

基于资源环境基础数据库, 构建土地生态敏感性评价指标体系, 进行中国土地资源生态敏感性评价, 揭示土地生态敏感性的空间分布特点, 进而对不同土地资源和不同农业区土地资源的生态敏感性进行差异分析, 得到如下结果。1) 中国土地资源生态敏感性空间差异显著, 高度生态敏感区集中在4个区域: 北方干旱/半干旱沙漠(地)的土地沙化敏感区、黄土高原土壤侵蚀敏感区、南方低山丘陵土壤侵蚀敏感区以及西南喀斯特地区的石漠化–土壤侵蚀双重敏感区。2) 耕地、林地和草地的生态敏感性差异显著, 耕地的敏感性整体上较低, 北方旱地高于南方水田; 林地的土壤侵蚀和石漠化敏感性较高, 以南方中西部疏林地、大兴安岭–长白山区为主; 草地的土地沙化敏感性较高, 以内蒙古中部、青藏高原中部和天山东段的中低覆盖草地为主。3) 九大农业区之间土地资源生态敏感性差异显著, 总体上呈现北方高、南方低的格局, 针对我国不同农业区的土地生态敏感性特点, 应实施不同的土地利用措施和生态保护策略。

Ecological Sensitivity Assessment and Spatial PatternAnalysis of Land Resources in China

Based on the basic database of resources and environment, an index system was constructed to evaluate the ecological sensitivity of land resources in China. We revealed its spatial distribution characteristics among different land use types and different agricultural areas. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) There are significant spatial differences in ecological sensitivity of land resources in China. Highly ecological sensitive areas are concentrated in four regions: the northern arid/semi-arid deserts with land desertification sensitivity, Loess Plateau with soil-erosion sensitivity, the southern hills with soil-erosion sensitivity, and the karst region in the southwest which is both sensitive to rocky desertification and soil erosion. 2) The ecological sensitivity of cultivated land, forests and grassland is significantly different. The sensitivity of cultivated land is lower than the others. Dry land in the north is more sensitive than paddy field in the south; forests are more sensitive to soil erosion and rocky desertification, mainly in the Greater Khingan Range-Changbai Mountains; grassland is highly sensitive to land desertification, mainly refers to the low-cover grassland in eastern Inner Mongolia. 3) The ecological sensitivity of land resources in the nine agricultural areas is generally high in the north and low in the south. According to the characteristics of land ecological sensitivity in different agricultural areas, various land use measures and ecological protection strategies should be implemented.