城市公共资源与人口分布的空间适配性分析——以深圳市为例

基于新数据环境支持, 运用核密度估计、最近邻分析、多距离空间聚类、协同区位商和两步移动搜索等多种空间量化法, 从适应性和匹配关系两个方面分析深圳市城市公共资源与人口分布的空间适配性。结果表明: 1) 不同城市公共资源与人口分布的空间适应性具有明显的相似性, 表现为空间形态、分布模式和邻近效应相似; 2) 城市公共资源与人口分布的空间匹配关系存在差异, 城市公共资源与人口密度的非匹配特征说明城市公共资源供需关系存在“失配”和“错位”现象。最后, 针对资源要素的空间适配性问题, 从城市和社区两种尺度提出针对公园绿地、教育机构和健康医疗等 3 类公共资源的优化建议。

Spatial Fitness of Urban Public Resources and Population Distribution: Taking Shenzhen as an Example

Based on the support of the new data environment, the spatial adaptability of urban public resources and population distribution in Shenzhen is analyzed from two aspects of adaptability and matching relationship by using various spatial quantization methods, such as kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor analysis, multidistance spatial clustering, cooperative location quotient and two-step mobile search. The results show that the spatial adaptability of public resources and population distribution in different cities has obvious similarity, which is similar in spatial morphology, distribution pattern and proximity effect. Spatial matching relationship between urban public resources and population distribution is different. The non-matching characteristics of urban public resources and population density indicate the “mismatch” and “dislocation” relationship between supply and demand of urban public resources. Aiming at the spatial adaptability of resource elements, the optimization suggestions for three kinds of public resources, such as park green space, school education and health care, are put forward from two scales of city and community.