海洋污染对中华白海豚栖息地选择的影响研究

为了探索污染对海洋生物栖息地的影响,以2006—2007年中华白海豚在广西钦州三娘湾及其邻近海域的出现数据为基础,结合Google海洋地形数据、卫星遥感数据和2012年度海洋环境调查数据,构建干、湿季节海豚分布预测的最大熵模型,发现与主要河口的距离是决定海豚栖息地分布的最主要因素。比较基于不同环境变量的模型预测结果,发现海豚分布范围还受到水体营养盐和持久性污染物质的限制性影响,在干旱季节和湿润季节都出现预测栖息地面积缩小的现象。根据模型预测和比较结果,得到中华白海豚的栖息地选择策略:选择河口海域生活以获得丰富的鱼类食物,同时趋向于回避高污染风险的区域。研究结论对海洋保护区的选址及管理策略具有参考意义。

Study of Marine Pollution Impact on the Habitat Selection of Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins

To explore impact on marine habitats caused by coastal pollution, predictive models of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) distribution were generated using the Maxent modelling approach, based on dolphin occurrence data in Sanniang Bay and its adjacent waters in Guangxi Province during 2006-2007, the independent oceanographic parameters derived from Google Earth Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat images, and the water environmental data from the marine investigation in 2012. Results indicated that the distance to the major river mouths was the strongest predictors, and water nutrition and persistent pollutants were the important factors for the dolphin distribution in both wet and dry seasons. Based on the results, habitat selection strategies of the dolphin were discussed: the dolphin tended to select estuaries with abundant prey and avoid highly polluted areas, which could be useful in designing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and formulating management strategies.