环境影响评价在规避邻避效应中的作用与问题

针对邻避效应引起的城市规划管理难题和邻避运动, 在北京西二旗餐厨垃圾相对集中资源化处理站案例的研究与数据调查基础上, 分析环境影响评价在规避邻避效应方面所能发挥的作用及存在的问题。结果表明: 环境影响评价提供了项目信息公开途径和公众参与平台, 提高了受影响群体参与邻避设施决策的程度; 同时, 环境影响评价还存在社会熟知度低、居民信任缺失、制度与标准不健全、技术不完善等问题, 这些削弱了其对邻避效应所能发挥的规避作用。结合国内外环境影响评价有效性与邻避效应的相关研究, 提出改进策略: 增强参与主体之间的信任, 完善法律法规制度建设, 优化环评顶层设计和操作平台, 加强环评技术研究以及多方协作配合。

Effects and Drawbacks of Environmental Impact Assessment in Avoiding NIMBY

According to the difficulties in dealing with town and country planning, management and movement caused by NIMBY (Not in my back yard), the effects and relevant issues of EIA (environmental impact assessment) in avoiding NIMBY were analyzed based on Xi’erqi case of kitchen waste treatment station in Beijing and the relevant data analysis. The results showed that EIA provided ways for information disclosure and public participation, and in such a way EIA actually improved the degree and range of participation of affected group. However, drawbacks such as low degree of familiarity, lack of trust, less integrity of system and standards, deficiency of technology were still the main restrictive factors of EIA in solving NIMBY problem. Further recommendation and implementation were provided based on related research of EIA effectiveness and NIMBY: foster trust among participants, perfect the laws and institutions system, optimize conceptual design and operating platform of EIA, strengthen technology research of EIA.