基于网格的精细化降雨径流水文模型及其在洪水预报中的应用

以正交网格降雨径流模型研究为基础,提出了用于洪水预报的精细化基于网格蓄满与超渗空间组合的降雨径流模型(Grid-XAJ-SATIN)。从模型的原理与结构、地理信息空间处理、参数空间分布估算、模型的驱动场分析、模型流域状态同化几个方面对该模型进行讨论,分析模型在湿润、半湿润流域的实际应用情况。结果表明,无论是湿润流域还是半湿润流域,所提出的精细化模型均能取得良好的模拟预报精度,且模型在输出流域出口断面流量过程的同时,可实现对流域内任意网格单元流量过程的精细预报。

Research and application of the high-resolution rainfall runoff hydrological model in flood forecasting

Improving the spatial resolution and forecasting accuracy of rainfall-runoff model is one of the hotspots and difficulties in flood forecasting and hydrological research. To address this problem, a high-resolution rainfall-runoff model, Grid-XAJ-SATIN, considering the spatial combination of infiltration-excess and saturation-excess runoff is proposed in this paper, which is based on the existing study of the grid-based rainfall-runoff models. Several aspects of this model are discussed including its principle and structure, processing of the geographical information, spatial distribution of parameters, model forcing data and assimilation of basin states. The model is then applied to both humid and semi-humid catchments for flood simulation. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the flood forecasting is well realized in both conditions. Moreover, this model is demonstrated to be able to forecast not only the hydrograph at the catchment outlet but also the streamflow at any interior grid cells.