上海市洪涝淹没风险图研究

在水文学原理的基础上，分析形成洪涝淹没的主要致灾因子；根据下垫面性质，江河、道路等线状阻水建筑物的分布以及地形、水利区划等因素划分地理单元和计算单元．根据内涝及风暴潮不同的致灾原理，分别建立沿海地区风暴潮洪水淹没、郊区内涝淹没和中心城区内涝淹没计算、评价模型．考虑防洪工程的分布及影响，以地理信息系统和模糊数学分析法为工具，进行不同区划单元洪涝淹没风险的综合计算分析与评价．以上海市为例，对风险图绘制的基本原理和方法进行探讨．

Development of flood and waterlogging risk map for Shanghai City

Based on hydrography and geography, dominant factors leading to flood and waterlogging were discussed. Geographic cells and calculating cells were divided in terms of the property of underlying surfaces, the distribution of linear waterproofing buildings, such as rivers and roads, land configuration, water conservancy regionalization, etc. According to different principles of flood- and storm tide-induced disasters, the calculating and evaluating models for storm tide-induced coastland submergence and waterlogging-induced suburb and central city submergence were developed respectively. In consideration of the distribution and influences of flood control projects, comprehensive analysis and evaluation were made on the flood and waterlogging risks with different regionalized cells by use of GIS and the fuzzy mathematical method. With Shanghai City as an example, the basic principle and method for compiling the flood and waterlogging risk map were discussed.