基于火灾模型的消防应急平台架构和功能分析

为预防并应对丽江古城发生大规模火灾,提出了消防应急平台架构。该平台包括信息获取、应急智能和决策指挥3大系统,运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,将基础空间信息和消防安全信息整合,将火灾模拟分析、风险评估与消防应急指挥、数字应急预案制订有机结合起来。其中的火灾预测预警模型采用了基于元胞自动机的城区火灾蔓延模型。结合人员疏散和损失评估模型进行风险评估。消防应急决策指挥流程实现火灾预测与消防指挥的融合,为提高火灾安全管理和消防指挥能力提供了帮助。

Architecture of a fire emergency response system based on fire model

A fire emergency response system was developed to prevent and to improve response to large fires in the ancient city of Lijiang in Yunnan province,China.The system consisted of an information acquisition system,an intelligent response system,and a decision making and command system.GIS technology was used to integrate geographic data and fire safety related data.The system included fire simulations,risk assessment,and emergency commanding and digital response plans.A city fire simulation model base on cell automaton was used to predict the fire spread with evacuation plans,loss evaluation,and risk estimates.The fire model is successfully linked with the fire emergency command to enhance fire safety management.