旋转机械常见故障的振动三维谱特征及其识别

变速过程中振动特征的提取及其识别对于旋转机械故障诊断是极其重要的，本文通过对发电设备旋转机械中常见的不对中、轴裂纹、动静件碰摩、基础部件松动故障的运动微分方程及三维谱图的分析，讨论了变速过程中系统振动所包含的故障信息。分析表明这几类带有故障的转子系统都是非线性振动系统，振动三维谱图中含有丰富的高次谐波分量，可以用对三维谱图进行扫描的方法来发现故障信息。三维谱图可以丰富旋转机械故障诊断系统知识库中的振动特征信息，对于更准确地诊断发电设备中的故障具有重要的意义

Vibration features in waterfall diagrams and identification of common faults in rotating machinery

Extraction and identification of the vibration features in the process of speed change are very important for the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. For some common faults such as misalignment, shaft crack, rotor and stator rub and pedestal looseness happened in rotating machinery used as power generating equipment, through the analysis of differential equations and waterfall diagrams, the fault information contained in the system vibration during the process of speed change is discussed. The rotor system with each of these types of faults is a nonlinear vibrating system. The waterfall diagrams of vibration contain rich forms of high harmonic components. It is possible to find fault information by scanning the waterfall diagram. The waterfall diagram can enrich the vibration feature information for the knowledge base of the rotating machinery fault diagnosis system and is of great significance to diagnose faults in power generating equipment more accurately.