从“境不离识”与“所与”看知识论的困境——关于熊十力“唯识”思想和金岳霖“所与”理论的感想

有关知识论的讨论不可回避的首要问题即是“如何看待外物”、“我们能否达到对外物的认识”。作为知识论讨论的前提，对这一问题的看法成为构建知识论体系的基础。本文试图从熊十力和金岳霖对于外物及认识与外物的关系的看法着手，从熊十力否定外物实有，认为对真理的认识应该反观内心，从而导致的是知识论的无法完成，到金岳霖肯定外物实有，认为人的认识可以达到外在事物，然而也并未解决知识论的困境，来反思知识论的相关探索，并从中看到知识论困境的解决将是一段长远的历程。

AN OBSERVATION ON THE PREDICAMENT OF THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF ＂CIRCUMSTANCES INSEPARATED WITH KNOWING＂ AND ＂GIVEN＂

The discussion about the theory of knowledge can’t avoid the primary concerning, namely, that is how to deal with the external object and whether we are able of knowing the external objects. Taken as the precondition of discussion of the theory of knowledge, the approach on this issue constitutes the basis of the system of the theory of knowledge. The author strove to explore the question in the light with the solution of Hsiung Shih-li and Chin Yueh-lin concentrated on external object and its relation with the human beings’ acquaintance. However, the predicament hasn’t been solved inasmuch as the reflection on the issue which Hsiung Shih-li and Chin Yueh-lin argued to overcome by themselves methodologies. Neither Hsiung’s elucidation that the external object is not real so that truth can be accomplished by the reflection in the inner mind nor Chin’s claim that the external object is real so that knowledge can be attained by human beings’ faculty of mind leads to the failure to escape the dilemma. The endeavor to solve predicament of the theory of knowledge will be a long course.