名医的封号与尊称刍论

民间信仰中名医的封号多种多样，封号主要来自于封建政权的敕封和民众仿照敕封样式的拥戴。名医封号并不完全与正史相符，但却反映了民间信仰的本真样态。民间对名医的尊称以“医圣”和“药王”最具代表性，二者均是泛称。医圣专指张仲景，药王专指孙思邈，至清代才广泛熟知。但二者泛称的性质没有改变，依然不能作为专称。

On the title and respectful address of famous doctors

There were many titles of famous doctors in civilian belief. Titles came from entitling of feudal rulers and civilian entitling. Titles of famous doctors did not completely conform to the official history but reflect true civilian belief. The titles were represented by yi sheng （meaning medicine god） or yao wang（meaning medicine king） , both of which were general address. Yi sbeng specifically referred to Zhang Zhongjing and yao wang to Sun Simiao, which was known in the Qing dynasty. But the general address does not change in nature and can not be used as specific address.