基于WBS-RBS与粗糙集理论的分离立交桥梁工程施工安全风险分析

高速立交桥梁工程是高速公路建设的咽喉部位,其施工过程中存在许多安全隐患.对于风险管理而言,若能在施工前期分析出这些风险隐患,不仅能为施工过程提供安全保障,而且还能为施工安全管理提供依据.该研究采用作业分解结构－风险分解结构(work breakdown structure-risk breakdown structure,WBS-RBS)耦合矩阵分析法对高速立交桥施工作业风险和作业活动间的映射关系进行耦合分析,构建出风险分解矩阵(risk breakdown matrix,RBM),完整详细地对分离立交桥梁工程整个施工过程进行风险辨识,将各个风险因素对应于每项底层工作包.然后,运用粗糙集(rough set,RS)原理确定每项底层工作包中所含风险的权重.最后可根据权重值对施工过程中各作业单元的风险度进行排序,由此可掌握高速立交桥梁施工过程中的高危环节及各项作业单元风险度,以为施工过程中风险管理的重点提供科学依据.

Construction Safety Risk Analysis of Separated Overpass Bridge Based on Work Breakdown Structure-risk Breakdown Structure and Rough Set Theory

The high-speed overpass and bridge project is the throat part of the highway construction.There are many hidden dangers in the construction process.For risk management,if these potential risks can be analyzed in the early stage of construction,it will not only provide security for the construction process,but also provide a basis for construction safety management.In this study,the work breakdown structure-risk breakdown structure (WBS-RBS) coupled matrix analysis method is used to analyze the mapping relationship between construction risk and work activity of high-speed overpass,and construct a risk breakdown matrix (RBM).Complete and detailed risk identification is carried out for the entire construction process of the separated overpass bridge project,so that each risk factor corresponds to each underlying work package.Then,the rough set (RS) principle is used to determine the weight of the risk contained in each underlying work package.Finally,according to the weight value,the risk degree of each operation unit in the construction process can be sorted,so that the high-risk link and various operation unit risk degrees in the construction process of the high-speed interchange bridge can be mastered to provide the scientific basis for the focus of risk management in the construction process.