塔里木石油公路沿线全新世风沙地貌形成演化的初步研究

本探讨了新疆塔里木石油公路沿线全新世风沙地貌类型、发育条件、动力特征和演化历史。研究表明，公路沿线发育多种典型风沙地貌类型。在新月形沙丘的迎风坡，风速和输沙率向上坡增加，背风坡存在涡旋，促使迎风坡风蚀背风坡加积，以至整个沙丘向前的动量得以维持。在线性沙丘表面，沙粒沿着合成输沙方向呈曲折摆动式纵向输移，而在背风坡以显的侧旁气流和沙物质的侧向输移为特征。全新世以来，由于近地面东北风系中偏N风力减弱，偏E风力加强，因此沙漠腹地叠置沙丘落沙坡方位向西偏转。沙漠边缘河流作用与风力作用的相互消长对风沙地貌的形成演化影响巨大，而沙漠腹地风信条件和自然环境表现出相对稳定性。

Formation and Evolution of Aeolian Landforms During Holocene Epoch along the Tarim Oil Transportion Highway

The Tarim Oil-ransportion Highway was built in 1995,which passes through the Taklamakan Desert from north to south. Bases on field investigations and wind-tunnel-imitating experiments,this paper discusses the morphology types,developement cordition,dynamic characteristics and evolution history of aeolian landforms along the highway.The results can be concluded as follows: (1)There are many types of aeolian landforms,which are much different in spatial dimensions along the highway.Among those aeolian landforms are some basic dune types,such as barchan,linear and star dunes. (2)Wind velocity and sand transport rates increase up the windward slope of barchan dunes,which promote wind erosion on the surface of windward slope and sand deposition on that of leeward slope. As a result,the barchan dunes move continually forward. (3)On the surface of linear dunes,sands move tortuously along the dune trend following the compound direction of sand transportaion.Meanwhile,there are obvious sideward airflow and sand transportation on the leeward slope of linear dunes. (4)Star dunes may be taken shape from other dune types which result from multi-directionan wind regime.It is the complex air-flow patterns which result from multidirecional wind regime that makes star dunes to form the multi-angle pyramid dune with concave faces. (5)The evolution process of Aeolian landforms during Holocene Epoch along the highway went through three stages,which happened under the influence of globalchanges and NE wind regimes nearby the ground.