松嫩平原距今150年湿地景观结构重建

距今150年前的松嫩平原,生态环境基本保存着原始状态.但百余年的高强度开发,已使生态环境和湿地遭到严重破坏.通过实地考察、自然地理要素的相关建模,以及遥感分析、GIS制图和文献考证等方法的综合运用,首次对距今150年松嫩平原的湿地景观进行了恢复.结果表明,当时该区湿地面积广大,为7.64万km2,占平原总面积的37.8%;湿地的类型有河流湿地、湖泊湿地和沼泽湿地.湿地在宏观景观结构上的显著特点是:湿地分布具有区域广布性;湿地结构具有环状等级序;湿地类型具有东西异质性;湿地网络属于中央汇结网络;沼泽湿地具有基质功能;湿地生态系统具有丰富的多样性.松嫩平原湿地原始景观的重建,为该平原湿地和其他退化生态环境的恢复与重建提供了理论基础,在谋划区域可持续发展等方面,具有重要的实践意义.

The restoration of wetlands in Songnen Plain 150 years ago

The ecological environment of Songnen Plain kept the original state basically 150 years ago. But the environment and wetlands had been destroyed by the high-intensity development in more than 100 years. In the paper, based on the compositive utilization of methods including field survey, correlative modeling of natural factors, analyses of remote sensing, drawing by GIS and literatures researching, the wetlands landscape of Songnen Plain 150 years ago was restored.The results of restoration show that the wetlands in Songnen Plain distributed widely, which the total area was 76 350 km~2 that occupied 37.80%of Songnen Plain.The main types of wetlands were swamps, lakes and rivers.And the characteristics of wetlands landscape macrostructure were a) the widely regional distribution of wetlands; b) the circling grading sequence of wetlands distribution; c) the differences between wetlands types in east and west; d) the central convergence network of wetlands; e) the substrate function of swamp; and f) the abundant diversity of wetlands ecosystems. The restoration of original wetlands landscape in Songnen Plain 150 years ago can provide the important theoretic foundation for the restoration and reconstruction of wetlands and other degenerated ecosystems, and it has important practical significances in realizing regional sustainable development.