基于生态敏感性分析的环境友好型土地利用空间结构探析

生态敏感性区域的城市用地是城市建设和土地利用规划中的重要内容之一,在生态敏感性分析的基础上进行城市功能分区和土地利用结构调整对于构建环境友好型土地利用模式具有重要意义.借助TM影像、地形图等基础数据挖掘出研究区坡度、植被覆盖度、土地利用现状等参数信息,结合可持续发展和环境友好型的理念,通过构建生态敏感性分析指标体系对土地利用类型进行因子分析和相关分析,在ArcGIS软件叠置、缓冲等空间分析的基础上结合研究区的土地利用现状和相关规划资料对长春净月经济开发区的环境友好型土地利用空间结构模式进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:长春净月经济开发区的土地利用形成了以“一区、三镇、七个中心村”为骨架,以主题公园区、水源保护区、风景名胜区、生态农业区为基质,以伊通河和开发区内主次干道及其绿化带为廊道,以森林公园、旅游度假区、大小水库、各类型用地为斑块的土地利用功能组织和空间管制模式.这种模式是基于城市边缘区地域单元自然生态条件和资源环境承载力,在充分考虑地形、地貌、坡度、植被、人类活动及城市化影响下,通过各生态敏感性区域有组织的层次更替、梯度变换来实现人与自然和谐共存的网络型土地利用方式.梯形梯度土地利用空间结构客观反映了开发区经济发展和生态环境保护双重压力下土地利用的一般特征,既保证了经济发展和城市化进程对土地的需求,又实现了城市建设和工业发展对生态环境影响的最小化,是一种环境友好型的土地利用空间结构模式.

Environment-friendly land-use spatial structure based on ecological sensitivity analysis

The urban land of eco-sensitive region is one of the most important contents in urban construction and land-use planning,Urban Function Partition and Land-use Structure Adjustment based on ecological sensitivity analysis have important significance in constructing environment-friendly land-use pattern.Based on the TM images,topographic maps and other basic data processing,this paper dug out the parameter information in the study area such as slope,vegetation coverage and land-use status,etc.Combined with the ideas of ecological sensitivity and environment-friendly in environmental ecology areas,this paper made factor analysis and correlation analysis on land-use types by constructing ecological sensitivity analysis index system.Based on spatial analysis with ArcGIS software such as overlay and buffering,and combined with the land-use status in the study area and the related planning information,this paper analyzed and discussed the environment-friendly land-use spatial structure pattern in Changchun Jingyue Economic Development Zone.The results showed that the land-use in Changchun Jingyue Economic Development Zone had formed the land-use function organization and spatial control mode which was with "One Area,Three Towns,Seven Center Villages"as the framework,with theme park district,protection zone of water source,landscape and famous scenery,ecological agriculture zone as the matrix,with the Yitong River and primary and secondary road and green belts in the development zone as the corridors,and with forest park,tourist resort,reservoirs and each type of land-use as the patches.The model is a network land-use mode that is based on natural and ecological condition and carrying capacity of resource and environment in the urban edge area,in taking terrain,landscape,slope,vegetation,human activities and the influence of urbanization into account,through the organized replacement of gradations and gradient transformation in the various ecological sensitivity area to implement harmonious coexistence of the human beings and the nature.So it is an environment-friendly land-use mode.It will not only satisfy the economic development of Changchun Jingyue Economic Development Zone and the land-use demands in the urbanization process,but also ensure the ecological and economic development and the landscape pattern safety of urban ecological sensitive region.This environment-friendly gradient spatial structure has objectively reflected the general characteristics of land-use under the double pressures of economic development and ecological environment protection in the development zone,and has realized the minimum impact on the ecological environment in the urban development period,and it is the land-use spatial structure of sustainable development.