四螺旋创新集群:研究型大学人工智能发展生态重构与路向探究——以加拿大多伦多大学为例

以人工智能为代表的知识迭代发展,促使知识生产模式发生重大转变,催生了“大学—产业—政府—公众”四螺旋动力结构的建立和研究型大学知识生产新生态重构。以多伦多大学人工智能发展为例,考察其四螺旋利益相关主体及实践。从内在机理看,4个主体在互动运作中不仅重新确定了各自角色,而且还建立了大学(知识)—产业(产品)—政府(治理)—公众(公益)的新型逻辑链条,平衡公私利益格局,把公益指向作为人工智能四螺旋运作的中心目标;从外在特征看,4个主体形成了以大学为中心的区域创新网络,并牵引其他主体形成环高校创新集群。当前,我国在人工智能发展中不断发力,已进入世界第一方阵,但仍需要在国际比较学习中不断提升自身竞争力。基于案例分析,我国研究型大学发展人工智能有必要把握4个方面:一是走进中心,塑造大学在人工智能发展中的领导地位;二是以专促通,创新研究型大学人工智能专业培养模式;三是引企入研,提升校企合作人工智能创新的转化升级;四是人本导向,突出大学在人工智能发展中的公共价值。总体来看,我国研究型大学发展人工智能不仅要面临技术上的挑战,更要面临来自治理的挑战。

“Quadruple Helix”Innovation Cluster: Research on the Ecological Reconstruction and Direction of Artificial Intelligence Development in Research Universities: Exemplified by the University of Toronto in Canada

The iterative development of knowledge represented by the artificial intelligence has led to a major shift in the knowledge production model,which has led to the establishment of the quadruple helix dynamic structure of“universities-industry-government-civil society”and reconstruction of the new ecology of research-based university knowledge production.Taking the development of artificial intelligence at the University of Toronto as an example,the interest related subjects and practices of its quadruple helix were explored.From the perspective of internal mechanism,the four entities not only redefined their respective roles in the interactive operation,but also established a new logical chain of university(knowledge)-industry(product)-government(governance)-civil society(public interest),which balanced the public-private interest pattern,and the public interest point has become the central goal of the artificial intelligence quadruple helix operation;from the perspective of external characteristics,the four entities form a university-centered regional innovation network,and lead other entities to form an ecosystem of innovative clusters around the university.At present,China has continuously exerted its strength in the development of artificial intelligence and has entered the world’s first rank,but it still needs to continuously improve its competitiveness in international comparative study.Based on the research,it is necessary to grasp four aspects in the development of artificial intelligence in the research universities in China:one is to enter the center and shape the leading position of the university in the development of artificial intelligence;the second is to create the talent training modes of artificial intelligence in research universities;the third is to introduce enterprises into research,to enhance the transformation and upgrading of school-enterprise cooperation in the artificial intelligence innovation;the fourth is human-oriented,highlighting the public value of universities in the development of artificial intelligence.Generally speaking,the future development of artificial intelligence in research universities in China is not only a technical challenge,but also a challenge from governance.