高等职业教育产教融合政策工具 分类及优化路径--基于2010—2019年国家政策文本的量化分析

产教融合是现代职业教育体系构建的重要内容,政府应采取有效的政策工具加以推进。基于政策工具分类视角,将我国国家层面颁布的高等职业教育产教融合政策划分为供给面、需求面和环境面3类政策工具。通过对2010—2019年69份313条政策文本的量化分析,可视化展示3类政策工具占比情况。结果显示:供给面政策工具占据主导地位,需求面政策工具功能彰显,环境面政策工具作用稳定,但也存在供给面政策工具投入长、压力大,需求面政策工具引导多、示范少,环境面政策工具执行力不足、落地难等问题。“十四五”时期,需要以精准改革为核心完善供给面政策工具,借助其示范性引领作用促进产教双方深度融合,打破组织性壁垒,加大环境面政策执行力度。

The Classification and Optimization of Policy Tools About Integration of Industry and Education in Vocational Education:Based on Quantitative Analysis of National Policy Texts for 2010—2019

The integration of industry and education is an important part of the construction of modern vocational education system,and the government should adopt effective policy tools to promote it.Based on the perspective of the classification of policy tools,the integration of industry and education policy of vocational education promulgated at the national level of China can be divided into three types:supply-side policy tools,demand-side policy tools and environmental policy tools.Through the quantitative analysis of 69 policy texts including 313 articles from 2010 to 2019,the visualization shows that in the system of policy tools to promote the integration of industry and education,the supply-side policy tools play the leading role,the demand-side policy tools playing a prominent role,and the environmental policy tools play a stable role.However,there are structural imbalances in the three types of policy tools.Supply-side policy tools are costly and lack pertinence,demand-side policy tools emphasize guidance and neglect demonstration,and the environmental policy tools have insufficient design and execution capabilities,which requires precision reform as the core to improve supply-side policy tools,using exemplary leadership to promote the in-depth integration of industry and education,and breaking organizational barriers to improve environmental policy implementation in the 14th Five Year Plan period.