高校场域中学术治理机制对科研产出的影响

随着我国科技政策导向和资源配置对高校学术产出重视力度日益加大,高校科研生产对政府和市场的资源依赖性不断增强,其组织场域呈现外部基于学术性标准的分层和内部学术与行政权力分权的双重特质。作为高校外部组织场域和内部科研生产的中间变量,学术治理机制集中体现了组织场域位置与组织内部技术要素的互动。学术-行政权力耦合是我国高校学术治理机制的主要构型,与外部行政化的场域特征相契合。学术治理机制存在层间异质性和层内同质性,处于场域位置顶层的院校学术权力主导及专业化分工的治理特征明显,师均科研产出较高;处于场域位置底层的院校行政权力主导或学术-行政融合治理的特征鲜明,师均科研产出较低。学术治理机制从结构层面的学术决策权力配置模式、关系层面的学术-行政部门非正式关系以及文化层面的学术氛围3个维度作用于高校教师的科研产出。高校场域位置优势既可直接也可间接通过影响大学学术治理机制,进而影响院校科研产出。应通过高校分类定位、错位发展、多元评价,松动固化的高校组织场域布局,构建以同行评议为核心的学术治理机制、校内学术与行政部门的专业化-支持性关系,优化高等教育场域的组织生态,激发多样化的学术生产活力。

The Impact of Academic Governance Mechanism on Academic Research Output in HEIs

With the highly emphasis of R&D policy orientation and resource allocation on the academic output of universities,the resource dependence of research on the government and market is increasing.HEIs organizational field presents the dual characteristics of external stratification based on academic standards and internal decentralization of academic and administrative powers.As an intermediate variable between the external organization field and the internal academic production,the academic governance mechanism embodies the post-interaction form between the location of the organization field and the internal technical elements of HEIs.The coupling of academic and administrative power is the main configuration of academic governance mechanism in HEIs,which is consistent with the external field characteristics of administrative management.There are interlayer heterogeneity and homogeneity within layer in terms of the academic governance mechanism.The governance characteristics of academic power dominance and specialization are obvious at top tier HEIs,with higher research output per teacher.The characteristics of administrative power dominance or academic-administrative integration governance are distinct at bottom tier HEIs,with lower research output per teacher.The academic governance mechanism affects the research output from three dimensions:the power allocation mode of academic decision-making at the structural level,the informal relationship between academic and administrative departments at the relational level,and the academic atmosphere at the cultural level.The advantage of field location can directly or indirectly affect the academic governance mechanism and then affect the research output.It is necessary to optimize the organizational ecology of higher education field and stimulate the vitality of diversified academic production through three strategies:loosening solidified organizational field layout of HEIs through the classification,development of“misplacement”and multiple evaluation,establishing academic governance mechanism with peer review as the crucial institution,and enhancing specialization relationship between academic and administrative departments in HEIs.