全球人工智能人才培养的政策比较研究:以中美英加四国为例

全球人工智能竞争的核心是人才存量与人才质量竞争,关键是人才培养能力和人才培养水平竞争,根本是人才培养制度也即高质量人才持续输出能力的竞争。面对全球人工智能人才存量不足、人才质量不高和人才流失等问题,通过系统梳理美国、英国、加拿大和中国的人工智能人才培养政策条目,从人才培养的研究维度对四国人工智能人才政策的特性进行归纳性分析与比较。研究显示,四国人工智能人才培养政策具有高度共性特征。一是重视营造良好的人才培养环境;二是制定科学的人才培养目标;三是重视人工智能教师队伍建设;四是发挥高校人才培养主体作用;五是产学研合作育人。但同时也存在显著差异,如美国在基础研究人才培养、数据环境建设、公私合作育人等方面有较好的经验;英国更加关注人工智能人才的数字理解能力培养;加拿大将培养、吸引和保留人工智能人才,构建完整的人才生态系统作为人工智能领域共识;中国在政府主导下充分发挥高校人工智能人才培养职能。针对中国面临的人工智能人才问题,建议在人才培养数据平台建设、人工智能人才概念界定、人才培养伦理构建、师资队伍建设和人才生态系统完善5个方面进一步健全人工智能人才培养政策体系。

A Comparative Study on the Policies of Global Artificial Intelligence Talent Cultivation:Taking China,America,Britain and Canada as Examples

The core of global AI(artificial intelligence)competition is the competition of talent stock and talent quality,the key is the competition of talent training ability and level,and the fundamental is talent training system,that is,the competition of high-quality talents’continuous output ability.In the face of the global shortage of AI talents,low quality of talents and brain drain,the AI talent training policy items of the United States,the United Kingdom,Canada and China were systematically reviewed,and an inductive analysis and comparison were made on the characteristics of AI talent policies of the four countries from the perspective of talent training research dimension.The research shows that the four countries’AI talent training policies have highly common characteristics.The first is to create a good environment for talent training;the second is to formulate scientific talent training objectives;the third is to attach importance to the construction of artificial intelligence teachers;the fourth is to play the main role of talent cultivation in colleges and universities;the fifth is to cultivate talents through the cooperation between production,teaching and research.However,there are also significant differences.For example,the United States has a good reference experience in basic research personnel training,data environment construction,public-private partnership education,etc.;the United Kingdom pays more attention to the cultivation of digital understanding ability of artificial intelligence talents;Canada takes the cultivation,attraction and retention of artificial intelligence talents and the construction of a complete talent ecosystem as the consensus in the field of artificial intelligence;China has a good experience in the field of artificial intelligence under the guidance of the government,giving full play to the training function of artificial intelligence talents in colleges and universities.In view of the problems of artificial intelligence talents in China,it is suggested to further improve the policy system of artificial intelligence talent training in five aspects:the construction of talent training data platform,the definition of artificial intelligence talent concept,the construction of talent training ethics,the construction of teaching staff and the improvement of talent ecosystem.