先秦时期的治国理政智慧——以《诗经》文本为中心的考察

先秦时期是中华传统文化的肇始阶段,《诗经》便是成书于此时。《诗经》同时作为中华元典和儒家经典之一,其中凝聚着先秦时期治国理政的智慧,也对历代的治国理政产生了深远影响。首先,中国古代社会早期的统治者往往将"天命"作为自身政权的合法性依据,《诗经》在注重"敬天"的同时也强调要"法祖",提出"天命无常,维德是予",拉开了由神治走向人治的历史序幕,并由此产生了"以德配天"的思想理念。其次,"使贤吏执良法"的认知与实践使得善法和良吏相结合,促进中国古代司法逐步走向文明。最后,《诗经》强调亲近民人而重视民生民命,以德化民而"行宽仁安靖之政",体现了先秦时期治国理政以"教化为本"的核心理念。

The Wisdom of Governance and Administration in the Pre-Qin Period:A Study Centered on the Texts of The Book of Songs

The pre-Qin period was the beginning stage of Chinese traditional culture,and The Book of Songs was written at this time. As one of the Chinese original classics and Confucian classics,The Book of Songs embodies the wisdom of the pre-Qin period of state governance and has a profound impact on the state governance of the past dynasties. Firstly,the rulers of the early Chinese society often took destiny as the basis for the legitimacy of their own political power. The Book of Songs emphasized the need to be faithful while paying attention to respect for heaven. At the same time,it opened the historical prelude from the rule of God to the rule of man,and thus produced the idea of Governing from Heaven by Virtue. Secondly,the cognition and practice of good officials enforcing good laws are combined,promoting the gradual progress of ancient Chinese justice toward civilization. Finally,The Book of Songs emphasizes that the people are the foundation of the state,namely,the ruler should get close to people and pay attention to people's livelihood and life,reflecting the core concept of " education-oriented" in the governance of state affairs in the pre-Qin period.