步枪弹侵彻明胶的空间弹道模型和实验研究

为研究刚性步枪弹侵彻人体组织的致伤机理，以弹道明胶作为人体组织的替代物，通过在速度坐标系中分析弹头所受阻力、升力和转动力矩关于攻角和速度的定量关系，建立了步枪弹侵彻明胶的空间弹道模型.利用镜面反射系统开展了7.62 mm步枪弹和5.80 mm步枪弹侵彻明胶的实验研究，并通过直接线性变换法获得了两种步枪弹侵彻明胶的水平位移、竖直位移、侧向位移、俯仰角和偏航角.分析研究表明:弹头侵彻明胶的平动和转动均是空间运动；弹道模型能较好地模拟实验步枪弹侵彻明胶的空间运动规律；随弹头质量和赤道转动惯量的增加，弹头的能量消耗增加；极转动惯量对弹头的能量消耗过程几乎没有影响. 

Ballistic Modelling and Experimental Studies of Rifle Bullets Penetrating Ballistic Gelatin

To study the wounding mechanism of rigid rifle bullets penetrating living tissues, ballistic gelatin was used as the tissue simulant and a simplified spatial ballistic model was established. The drag force, the lift force and the overturning moment were all considered to be functions of the attack angle and the velocity in the velocity coordinate system. Experimental studies of a 7.62 mm rifle bullet and a 5.8 mm rifle bullet were carried out through the reflective mirror system. Translational displacements, vertical displacements, lateral displacements, pitch angles and yaw angles of the two bullets were obtained using the linear transformation method. Analysis shows:the translational motions and the rotational motions of penetrating bullets are both spatial motions; the ballistic model can simulate motions of the tested bullet well; the energy dissipation of the bullet increases with the mass and the equatorial inertia; the polar inertia has little effect on the energy dissipation process.