铊资源的分布及利用中的环境问题

论述了铊在自然界水体、岩石、土壤、沉积物、矿石矿物中的资源分布状况以及开发利用中的环境问题．我国有着丰富的铊资源，是目前世界上惟一发现铊独立成矿的国家，铊资源的开发和利用有着许多得天独厚的优势．阻碍铊大量生产和应用的主要因素是铊剧毒所引起的环境问题．开发利用铊资源还有许多问题要解决．进一步查明我国的铊资源在岩石、水体、土壤中的分布情况，建立铊的分布图，对铊污染进行科学的评价，为防止铊中毒事件的发生，实现土地的安全利用等，对发挥我国的铊资源优势，实现区域经济社会可持续发展等战略目标有着重要的意义。

Resource distribution and utilization of thallium in nature

The status about source distribution of thallium in natural waters, rocks, soils, sediments, ores and minerals were introduced. Meanwhile, the incidents of thallium pollution during exploitation were also provided. China, the only country by far that found the existence of independent thallium mine body in the world, has an abundant source of thallium. There are many advantages in thallium resource development and utilization. The limited industrial use of thallium is principally due to the environmental problems caused by its highly toxic. For the exploitation of thallium resource, there are still many problems to be solved. So a thorough geoscientific study and polluted-evaluation about T1 should be conducted, that the distribution pattern of T1 can be established. The base-level data from bedrocks, waters, and soils will provide guidelines for the safe use of lands, and serve to prevent cases of T1 poisoning . These studies are also important for taking the advantage of thallium resource and meeting the goal of sustainable development of area economy and society.