水体中有机质的类型与有机质沉积作用

在对水体中各类有机质特征充分调研的基础上,依据成因和形态特征划分出生物有机质、溶解有机质、胶体有机质和聚合有机质四种基本形式,它们在有机质的聚集和沉积作用过程中的特征和差异性,必将影响沉积物中有机质保存的多样性.生物有机质既是有机质的保存者,也是其他有机质类型的物质提供者;溶解有机质和胶体有机质分布广、化学活性强,可以相互之间及与无机矿物间聚合,是有机质聚集和循环过程中重要的中间环节;聚合有机质的形成与生物及环境的物理化学条件改变相关,类型多样,但它是携带有机质沉积和保存的重要载体.水体中不同类型有机质既可以形成有机颗粒,又可以相互转化,造成了有机质沉积过程和保存方式的多样性,决定了沉积物中有机质类型和演化的差异性.

Types of Organic Matter in Water and Organic Sedimentary Processes

Based on the occurrence and morphologic characteristic of organic matter in water according to reference,organic matter in water is divided into four types,namely,bioorganic matter,dissolved organic matter,colloid organic matter and aggregate organic matter. The differences of their aggregation and sedimentary processes in water result in diversity of organic preservation in sediments. Bioorganic matters not only can preserve organic matters itself but also is the source of other type organic matters in water. Dissolved organic matter and colloid organic matter are widely distributed in water,and have high chemical activities,they can aggregated each other or with inorganic mineral,so they play an important role in the process of organic matter aggregation and cycle. The formation of aggregated organic matter in water has a close relation to the biologic and physical-chemical conditions. As an important carrier for the sedimentation and preservation of organic matter,the aggregated organic matter has a significant role in the transfer of organic matter from water into sediments. Different types of organic matter can not only form organic particles,but also transform from one type to another in water,resulting in the variety of organic matters sedimentary processes and preservation,so existing differential organic matter types and evolution in sediments.