口腔益生菌的研究现状

口腔是一个复杂而完整的微生态系统。生活方式、外源性致病菌等外源因子可扰乱口腔微生物组与其宿主之间的共生关系引发龋齿、牙周炎、牙龈炎、口臭等口腔疾病。益生菌是一类活的并对人类机体局部或全身性健康都具有有益作用的微生物。传统上,益生菌被广泛用于功能性食品、医药保健、饲料等各个领域,最常见的用途是治疗或预防胃肠道感染和疾病,改善肠道健康。近十年,各种研究表明益生菌可通过抑制致病菌生长,改善口腔微生物菌群,调节口腔免疫力等方式对各种口腔疾病产生积极的防治效果。作为一种新兴的机体健康维护概念,维护口腔健康的益生菌及其作用机制日益受到国内外学者的密切关注,综述了口腔益生菌在常见口腔疾病中的潜在作用机制,阐述了利用口腔益生菌在防治口腔疾病时所面临的重要问题,同时在口腔益生菌未来的发展趋势和开发方向等方面剖析如何更好地利用口腔益生菌驱动健康食品产业发展,以期为口腔益生菌的深入研究及其在食品工业中的开发应用提供相应参考。

Research Progress on Oral Probiotics

The oral cavity is a complex and complete micro-ecosystem. Various factors such as lifestyle and pathogenshave adversely affected oral microbiome and perturbed the symbiosis between the microbiome and host, and this micro-ecological disorder could cause dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, halitosis and other oral diseases. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have beneficial effects on human body. Traditionally, probiotics have been widely used in various fields such as functional food, medicine, health care, and animal feed. The most common usages of probiotics are to treat or prevent gastrointestinal infections and diseases, and improve intestinal health. In the recent decade, probiotics was suggested to be used for oral health purposes due to positive improvement of various oral diseases via inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, improving oral microbial flora, regulating oral immunity, etc. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanism of oral probiotics in oral diseases, and described the important issues of using oral probiotics in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, as well as the future development trends and development directions of oral probiotics. These insights might help build a theoretical basis for deep study of oral probiotics and improving its development and application in food industry.