食源性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌生物学特性和分子分型研究进展

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia enterocolitica）是一种重要的嗜冷肠道致病菌,研究表明Y.enterocolitica血清型有60多种,我国致病性菌株生物/血清型以3/O∶3和2/O∶9型为主;另外Y.enterocolitica具有1A、1B、2、3、4、5共6个生物型,除了1A型可能具有潜在致病性外,其他5个已确定具有致病性,且1B为高致病性菌株;主要毒力因子有ail、ystA、ystB、yadA和virF,常用来判断小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的致病性;Y.enterocolitica对氨苄西林和一代头孢类抗生素天然耐药,对其他抗生素有不同程度耐药性,并且许多菌株具有多重耐药性.常用的分子分型方法有脉冲场凝胶电泳、扩增基因重复序列、多位点序列分型等,其中具有操作简便和多态性高的ERIC-PCR在Y.enterocolitica分型中也将发挥较好作用.

Biological Characteristics and Molecular Typing Research Progress of Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica is an important psychrophilic pathogenic bacterium in the intestines. There are more than 60 serotypes in the world. The serotypes of the pathogenic strains are the bioserovars 3/0 ： 3 and 2/0 ： 9 type in China. Y. enterocolitica has six biotypes including 1 A, 1 B, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Five biotypes among them have been identified being pathogenic and type 1 B is high pathogenic. Mean- while, type 1A has potential pathogenicity. The virulence factors are mainly all, ystA, ystB, yadA, and virF, which are usually used to determine Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity. Y enterocolitica is resistant to penicillins and first generation cephalosporins naturally, and has different resistant rates to other antimi- crobial agents and many strains with multiple drug resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） , repetitive elements sequence （REP/ERIC）-PCR, multi locus sequence typing （MLST） and so on are the most frequently used methods for Y. enterocolitica molecular typing nowadays. ERIC-PCR typing has easy operation and high polymorphism, which will also play a good role in the molecular typing of Y. enterocolitica.