基于仿生学的未来食品工业展望

生命体经过漫长的进化,已经形成了一整套极其完善的利用食材制造其所需营养素的技术,许多生命活动与现有食品加工的单元操作有着异曲同工的效果。利用仿生学原理,向生命体学习,进行食品加工的理论与技术创新,正逐渐得到国内外食品加工技术研究领域的广泛关注。分析了人们受人体感官、食物消化、养分吸收、生物合成、生物材料、生物机构、生物成型的启示,进行食品加工技术创新的研究案例。从3个方面概括了未来食品工业仿生化发展的主要任务:1)重新认识生命活动。突破长期以来基于健康和生产(生长)的需要进行生命科学研究的局限性,建议从生命体制造其正常生长所需营养素的角度,重新研究生命活动,重新认识生命现象。2)深化已启动的仿生研究工作。根据对生命活动重新研究的结果,进一步对已经启动的仿生技术进行深入研究,挖掘新的创意。3)开拓新的仿生技术方法。通过比对,寻找动物、植物和微生物中与食品加工技术有对应关系的生命活动,开拓从未触及的仿生研究领域,推动食品领域的原始创新。着重强调了“食品工程仿生学”学科建设的重要意义。

Prospect of Future Food Industry Based on Bionics

With a long time of evolution, life has formed a set of extremely perfect technology to produce nutrients from food materials, and many life activities have the same effect as the existing unit operations of food processing. Therefore, the theory and technology innovation of food processing based on bionics theory and learning from life body have been widely concerned at home and abroad. This paper summarized and analyzed the research cases of food processing technology innovation inspired by human senses, food digestion, nutrient absorption, biosynthesis, biomaterials, bio-mechanisms and bio-forming. The main tasks of bionic development in future food industry were summarized into three aspects. 1) Recognizing life activities:breaking through the limitations of life science research based on the needs of health and production (growth), suggesting that life activities should be re-studied and life phenomena should be re-understood from the perspective of making nutrients needed for normal growth. 2) Deepening the started bionic research work:according to the re-research results of life activities, further study of the bionic technology that had been started, and explored new ideas. 3) Developing new bionic research methods:through comparison, finding out the life activities in animals, plants and microorganisms corresponding relationship with food processing technology, exploiting the never touched bionic research field, and promoting the original innovation in the field of food. This paper once again emphasized the importance of the discipline construction of food engineering bionics.