中小企业员工安全遵守行为演化路径

为研究中小企业员工安全遵守行为的演化规律,对中小企业不安全行为的原因进行了分析,并借助演化经济学方法,构建了中小企业员工与企业行为交往的支付矩阵。通过对交往过程的演化模型分析,揭示了个体策略选择对群体行为的影响。用数值仿真演示了群体不同初始比例和不同参数变化对演化趋势和结果的影响,研究发现:中小企业员工安全遵守行为演化系统收敛于两种模式,其中,(遵守,不检查)为理想模式,(违章,检查)为"不良锁定"模式;各参数的大小对系统收敛速度和收敛结果具有影响,企业在设计安全生产激励与约束机制时,通过设计科学合理的激励与约束参数,并通过调整参数的大小,可以引导员工的安全遵守行为,使中小企业员工安全行为向着预期方向和目标演进,达到制度优化的目的。

On the Evolution of Workers' Safety Compliance Behavior in Small and Medium-size Enterprises

To find out the evaluation law of workers’ safety compliance behavior in small and medium-size enterprises,the underlying reasons of workers’ unsafe behaviors are analyzed.The pay-off matrix of workers and enterprises is built using the method of evaluation economics.By analyzing evolution model of association between enterprises and workers,the effect of individual decision-making on organizational behavior is studied.The effects of different initial condition and different decision parameters on evolution result are discovered by numerical simulation.The research reveals the followings: the evolution route of workers’ safety compliance behavior converges on two types of pattern,namely,the ideal type "compliance,checkless",and the bad locked type "violation,check";Different type decision parameter and its size have different effects on evolution rate and evolution result.Enterprises may strengthen workers’ safety compliance behavior to evolve to respective targets by developing the driving and restraint mechanism of safety behavior by setting scientific decision parameters and its size.