天基激光清除空间碎片任务分析

从天基激光技术参数和空间碎片清除需求两方面对天基激光碎片清除任务展开研究。基于激光支持爆轰波的传播机理,分析激光烧蚀推力的变化规律,揭示了短脉宽激光适用于碎片清除任务的原理,推导建立了激光烧蚀碎片的推力模型。对影响推力的典型激光参数进行研究,比较归纳了激光功率密度和光斑直径的通用求解模型,构建了最佳耦合条件下碎片速度增量与冲量耦合系数、脉冲个数之间的数学模型。从碎片尺寸和轨道区域两方面分析了将太阳同步轨道1～10cm碎片作为清除对象的必要性,基于清除任务的合理性提出天基激光和碎片在"偶遇"条件下的作用模式,给出了清除距离和清除时间窗口。运用轨道动力学知识建立了基于近地点高度增量的天基激光碎片清除效果评估模型,案例分析表明了天基激光清除碎片的可行性。研究成果可为相关技术研究和任务设计提供参考。

Mission analysis on removal of space debris with space based laser

This paper studies the mission of space debris removal with space based laser debris from the two aspects of space based laser technology parameters and space debris removal demand. Based on the transmission mechanism of laser supported detonation wave, the change rule of laser ablation thrust is analyzed, the principle that the short pulse width laser is suitable for the task of debris removal is revealed, and the thrust model of laser ablating debris is 〖JP2〗derived. The typical laser parameters affecting the thrust are studied. The general solution〖JP〗 model of laser power density and light spot diameter are comparing summarized. The mathematical model among debris velocity increment and impulse coupling coefficient and the pulse number is built for the optimum coupling condition. From two aspects of debris size and orbital area, the necessity that the sun synchronous orbit 1~10 cm debris will be as the removal object is analyzed. The operation model under the condition of the encounter of space based laser and debris is proposed based on the rationality of removal mission. The removal distance and time window is proposed. The evaluation model of the debris removal effect with space based laser is established based on the high increment of perigee by the orbital dynamics knowledge. The case analysis shows the feasibility with the space based laser to remove debris. The research results can provide reference for relevant technical research and mission design.