供应链风险管理中的期权机制

在供应链中如何实现风险共担,利益共享是供应链管理的基本目标.通过分析供应链期权机制,引入独立式期权机制与嵌入式期权机制,针对供应商与分销商,分别探讨了在多供应商,多分销商的供应链模型下的独立式期权机制,以及单供应商、多分销商的供应链模型下的嵌入式期权机制.分析了市场需求不确定情况下,衍生工具对供应链绩效的影响,提出了分销商如何预订上游供应商生产能力的数学模型.同时,分析了供应商如何通过期权降低经营风险,调整自身收益,影响分销商的决策,从而改善供应链的效益.

Option mechanism in supply chain risk management

In supply chain,the realization of the risk and profit sharing is one of the basic purposes for supply chain management.According to the analysis of option mechanism in supply chain,and the introducing nested-option mechanism and independent-option mechanism,we discuss the nested-option mechanism under a single supplier and multiple retailers environment,and independent-option mechanism under a multiple suppliers and multiple retailers environment.We derive optimal replenishment policies for the retailers and the optimal production policies for the suppliers,explore the impact of derivatives on supply chain performance when market demand is uncertain.At the same time we show how options reduce business risk and adjust self-profit for suppliers,influence decision for retailers, and improve supply chain efficiency.