阜康市土地利用变化的景观格局特征分析

以1998年和2006年两期卫星遥感影像数据为基础，结合野外实地调查，利用ARCGIS等图像处理软件，完成影像的解译。运用数理统计方法，通过计算研究区各景观指数，对阜康市土地利用的景观格局特征进行分析，探讨了人类活动对土地利用类型的影响。研究表明：阜康市各土地利用类型面积都有不同程度的变化，除草地和未利用土地有所减少，其他土地利用类型都有不同程度的增加；斑块形状指数总体趋于下降，说明阜康市人类活动对土地利用格局的影响逐步加强。在类型水平上，癍块的自相似性减小，几何形状趋于复杂化；人类活动驱使土地利用景观类型呈现出离散分布的趋势。从景观水平上看，在自然和人为因素的共同驱动下，土地利用格局变化主要表现为景观破碎度，多样性指数和均匀度指数增加。而优势度指数呈减小趋势。总体来看，人类活动破坏了阜康市绿洲内部的整体性和完整性，并且这种趋势还在加强。图2，表4，参19。

Characteristics of Landscape Patterns of Land Use Change in Fukang City

Based on field surveys and two secondary planet images in the Fukang City from 1998 to 2006, the interpretation of spatial data is accomplished by using the software ARCGIS. Through using the mathematical and statistical analysis and landscape indexes analysis, the spatial and temporal changes in land use pattern and human activity influence are contrasted. The result shows that the amount of each land use type is changed with different degrees. The amount of many land use types is increased while that meadow and unused land decreased in the Fukang City. There is a decreased tendency about the patch shape index. That is to say, land use pattern is influenced by human activities, and the tendency is increasing gradually. On the class level, self-similarity of the patch is smaller while the shape of geometry is more complex. As result of human activities, landscape types take on a distributing trend that scattered. On the landscape level, under the influence of natural and human factors, the landscape fragmentation index, diversity index and evenness index are increased and the landscape dominance index reduced. Taking one with another, it is the intense human activities that destruct the wholeness and integrality of oasis, and the disturbance of human activities is still increasing.